America and Multilateralism: A History

America and Multilateralism: A History Maybe it is protected to induce from the earliest starting point that there doesn't seem, by all accounts, to be a nation on the planet that isn't influenced or has not been influenced in one manner or the other by the United States of America. Shy of this, there definitely doesn't stay in presence a nation, individuals or society which has no information, anyway constrained, of the United States of America. No single day goes without the American force being tended to or analyzed in one limit or the other by the worldwide media. After some time, yet specifically, in later occasions, no different country’s political, household, financial barrier or capacities and capacities have been more considered or talked about than the degree at which America has been. In established truth, it is protected to deduce that not very many policy centered issues today incite such solid and various reactions as the job of the United States of America in its endeavor to re-shape world affairs.[1 ] The ongoing fear based oppressor assault on America of grave results, its response to it and the wars in Afghanistan just as Iraq have increased the discussion about the nature and possibilities of American super force. There stays a way of thinking that keeps on praising the United States’ accomplishments in declaring just as bringing freedom, popular government and flourishing to each side of the world. Others are progressively disposed towards judgment of America’s quest for authoritative status and its endeavor to force a solitary financial framework and a limited arrangement of good conviction on different countries around the globe. Whichever way of thinking one has a place with re America’s execution on the universal platform, most have come to the end result that the historical backdrop of the twenty-first century will be resolved to a huge degree by the manner in which American force is utilized, and by the manner by which other major political player s on the worldwide front respond to it. The country has frequently been alluded to as a majestic, a realm or authority. A great many people despite everything keep on seeing America as that fair place that is known for roses where ‘anything can happen’. Some despite everything put stock in, particularly those outside the shores of the nation and stressing to one day be conceded into the incredible nation, what they call the ‘American Dream’. It is as far as anyone knows a nation where ‘anything is possible’. Customarily in any case, America is no longer viewed with rose colored exhibitions. Given its ongoing history world over, this is not really a shock of any centrality. The word which best strikes a chord when America, that extraordinary country is being talked about as it continually is for differing reasons, is authority. What, it may be valuable to enquire at this crossroads, is authority? In lay man’s terms, authority, briefly put , is initiative by transcendence (some may even say animosity) of littler and more vulnerable states or countries by normally greater countries with an end goal to accomplish global control. Does America subsequently stand properly blamed for endeavoring to rule the world through its conceptualisation of worldwide legislative issues, international strategies and military, or if nothing else to rule those countries which are viewed as littler and more fragile? It is normal information that while a few nations practice socialism or communism, America was and stays an entrepreneur nation where the saying directly after ‘In God We Trust’ is a generally acknowledged however implicit ‘survival of the fittest’. In the early on expressions of G. John Ikenberry in his book ‘America Unrivalled’, â€Å"The pr-greatness of American force today is extraordinary in current history. No other incredible force has delighted in such impressive focal points in m ilitary, monetary, innovative, social or political abilities. We live in a one-super force world, and there is no genuine rivalry in sight†[2] These words quickly infer maybe the most questionable wars everything being equal and America’s tremendous commitment or one may even set out say conspicuous determined arrangement of the equivalent, the Iraqi intrusion (and on-going war till date) in 2003. It merits thinking back at this crossroads how the world watched and held up anxiously while the United Nations thought on whether the United States ought to be conceded the authorisation to attack Iraq dependent on its reports about the alleged vile forces that be and the weapons of mass devastation they apparently had really taking shape which it further asserted presented un-predicted dangers to the universal world. It is one more point for the contention that America is quick turning out to be or for sure has everything except achieved the status of a domineering state that President George W. Shrub declared to the world that paying little heed to the UN’s choice and that of its Member States, America will move f orward in war against Iraq and Afghanistan, alone in the event that they needed to. In his accurate words, â€Å"†¦when it goes to our security, we truly don't require anyone’s permission†[3] It was later contended that no doubt even the United Nations, an alleged world arbitrator and universal image of harmony, is only one more instrument in America’s previously overflowing tool kit. In spite of the fact that at that point, this declaration from the Bush Administration sounded as egotistical and ‘above the law’ as it truly might have been, there were numerous who felt America would be supported in its choice in the wake of the September 11 assault. September 11 2001 (from this point forward alluded to as 9/11) achieved the defining moment ever, worldwide law and the utilization of power against fear based oppression. The expressions of an American man considered energetic for sure strikes a chord at this questionable position of George W. Shru b re dismissing the world’s feeling and/endorsement to its utilization of power for the sake of battling fear mongering. The man, in all honesty Richard Holbrooke, previous United States minister to the United Nations, who once expressed after cautious perception, one ought to envision, that the Bush organization takes steps to make a â€Å"radical break with 55 years of a bipartisan custom that looked for universal understandings and systems good for us†[4] Many years, loss of lives both non military personnel and military, reports of appalling medicines dispensed to detainees of war (PWO) by the American fighters contrary to each standard of Humanitarian Law and the Geneva Convention, America’s refusal to pull back its soldiers significantly after the fall of Saddam Hussein (its most noteworthy foe) the inquiry on everyone’s lips is whether the war was in reality for all the philanthropic reasons cited by America in its somewhat created reports or for a dditional reasons nearer to home. The inquiry can even be represented right back to Operation Desert Storm in a similar Iraq in 1993. Did America attack Iraq on the two events for financial increase and at last to put itself as the world’s super force. In spite of the fact that it shows up now to the world that the Bush organization is the one liable for significantly drawing America away from multilateralism, a think once again into the Clinton organization will affirm this isn't remotely evident. Under the Clinton organization, America neither hung tight for the United Nation’s endorsement/authorisation before conveying the North Atlantic Treaty Operation (NATO) to Serbia in 1999 nor preceding its bomb assault on Iraq in 1998. There were likewise different Conventions, Acts and Treaties America rather obviously avoided marking or approving, for example, the prohibiting of further utilization of Land Mines (the Ottawa Convention of 1997). The distinction maybe would b e the place the Clinton organization received discretion in its conveyance of such one-sided choices; the Bush organization essentially continues onward with no respect for the world’s sentiment, endorsement or much of the time dissatisfaction. In the time following the World War (II), America’s quality was not just seen during the war with the sending of its military, which later framed a collusion with the United Kingdom among others (the unified powers) yet in addition after the war in its endeavor to revamp Germany just as other war torn nations in the war result. In this, America had strategised and was obviously fruitful in guaranteeing that the world didn't return to its shut provincial dealings of the 1930s preceding the war. The establishing of the United Nations on 24 October 1945 additionally made sure that the start of what is presently known as globalization was built up. A post war time of multilateral character and noteworthiness was in this manner worked around financial and security understandings, for example, the Bretton Woods Agreement on fiscal just as exchange relations among countries. The American-drove NATO security agreement followed a lot later. This worldwide request which appeared after t he war (World War II) was adequately one which was multilateral in character. A progressively open arrangement of exchange and ventures started to rise, to a great extent supported by America. Financial and security matters just as political relations got undefined and indissoluble among countries in what is best portrayed as an open world market or globalization. This is apparent in the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) just as the Bretton Woods understanding prior referenced. A partnership tie developed between the United States and the Great Britain specifically and the European landmass by and large in a situation one could just place in lay man’s terms ‘rub my back and I will rub yours’. America’s financial just as security help to the Asian area is likewise worth referencing. America guaranteed and proceeds so to do, that more fragile and littler states are managed security help, assurance and conceded access to its business sectors, inno vation and nation all in all. In the wake of America’s Green Card Lottery plot, the help

Martin Luther King And Malcolm X Two Men Vying For The Same Outcome Es

Martin Luther King And Malcolm X Two Men Vying For The Same Outcome Martin Luther King and Malcolm X two men competing for a similar result yet each at inverse sides of the range. Ruler was brought up in an agreeable white collar class family where instruction was pushed. On the other hand, Malcolm X originated from an oppressed home. He was a self-educated man who got small tutoring and rose to enormity on his own insight and assurance. Martin Luther King was naturally introduced to a family whose name in Atlanta was settled. Regardless of isolation, Martin Luther King's folks guaranteed that their kid was secure and glad. Malcolm X was conceived on May 19, 1925 and was brought up in a totally unexpected environment in comparison to King, an air of dread and outrage where the seeds of harshness were planted. The consuming of his home by the Ku Klux Klan brought about the homicide of his dad. His mom later endured a mental meltdown and his family was separated. He was spooky by this early bad dream for the vast majority of his life. From that point on, he was driven by contempt and a longing for retribution. Every keeps an eye on youth childhood I accept was answerable for their later attack on Civil Rights The two men at last became transcending symbols of contemporary African-American culture and impacted dark Americans. Be that as it may, King had a more inspirational mentality than Malcolm X, accepting that through serene showings and contentions, blacks will have the option to some time or another acquire full uniformity with whites. Malcolm X's gloom about existence was reflected in his irate, negative conviction that balance is inconceivable on the grounds that whites have no ethical inner voice. Ruler essentially received on an intergrationalist reasoning, whereby he felt that blacks and whites ought to be joined together and live respectively in harmony. Malcolm X, be that as it may, advanced patriot and rebel tenets. For the vast majority of his life, he accepted that just through transformation and power could blacks accomplish their legitimate spot in the public arena. Both X and King spread their message through ground-breaking, hard-hitting addresses. In any case, their aims were conveyed in various styles and purposes. Lord was fundamentally a serene pioneer who asked peacefulness to his supporters. He went about the nation giving discourses that enlivened highly contrasting audience members to cooperate for racial amicability. (pg. 135, Martin Luther King Jr. what's more, the Freedom Movement) Malcolm X, generally, accepted that peacefulness and coordination was a stunt by the whites to keep blacks in their places. He was enraged at white prejudice and supported his adherents through his talks to ascend and challenge their white adversaries. After Malcolm X split away from Elijah Mohammed, this change is reflected in his more moderate discourses. Malcolm X and Martin Luther King's youth's had ground-breaking effects on the men and their addresses. Malcolm X was raised in an environment of brutality. During his adolescence, Malcolm X experienced maltreatment by whites, yet additionally from aggressive behavior at home. His father beat his mom and them two manhandled their youngsters. His mom had to bring up eight kids during the downturn. After his mom had a psychological breakdown, the kids were totally positioned in cultivate homes. Malcolm X's disdain was expanded as he endured the attacks of coordinated tutoring. Albeit a clever understudy who common the fantasy about being a legal advisor with Martin Luther King, Malcolm X's indignation and bafflement made him drop out of school. He began to go through cocaine and set a robbery ring to help his costly propensity. Malcolm X's threatening vibe and advancement of savagery as a method of getting change was settled in his adolescence. Martin Luther King lived in a completely extraordinary condition. He was a keen understudy and skirted two evaluations before entering an ivy association school at just the period of 15. He was the class valedictorian with an A normal. Ruler strutted his graduation present in another green Chevrolet before his individual alumni. He was brought up in the ideal condition where dreams and love were produced. Ruler and X's adolescence's are a concentrate in extremity. (pg. 254, Reflecting Black) Whereas, Malcolm X was brought up in nightmarish conditions. Lord's house was nearly dream-like. He was raised

Rare Gene Discourages Alcohol Dependence Among Jews

Rare Gene Discourages Alcohol Dependence Among Jews Addiction Alcohol Use Print Rare Gene Discourages Alcohol Dependence Among Jews By Buddy T facebook twitter Buddy T is an anonymous writer and founding member of the Online Al-Anon Outreach Committee with decades of experience writing about alcoholism. Learn about our editorial policy Buddy T Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on November 05, 2015 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD Updated on October 22, 2019 TEK IMAGE / SCIENCE PHOTO LIBRARY / Getty Images More in Addiction Alcohol Use Binge Drinking Withdrawal and Relapse Children of Alcoholics Drunk Driving Addictive Behaviors Drug Use Nicotine Use Coping and Recovery For many years, it was generally believed that religious and cultural influences were the reason for low rates of alcoholism among Jewish males. This has changed thanks to research which found a biological explanation for the phenomenon. Gene Has Protective Effect for Alcoholism in Jewish Population Scientists are not exactly sure why, but a particular gene variation tends to discourage heavier drinking in the persons who have it. The gene was  first known as alcohol dehydrogenase 2 (ADH2*2), but later became known as alcohol dehydrogenase 1B (ADH1B),   An estimated 20 percent of the Jewish population has the ADH1B gene. This is believed to be a factor in the low rates of alcoholism reported in this ethnic group. The gene produces a more active form of the enzyme that catalyzes the first step in alcohol metabolism. Studies have found that the gene seems to account for the lower rate of alcoholism more so than religious practice. Those who have the gene variant tend to drink less frequently and consume less alcohol. At the same time, theyre more likely to have  unpleasant reactions to alcohol, which often acts as a deterrent. Later research found that there is a catch. The protective effects of the gene can be minimized by environmental or cultural factors that encourage heavy alcohol consumption. Looking at Cultural Influences to Drink Deborah Hasin, Ph.D., of Columbia University, and her colleagues studied 75 Israeli Jews between the ages of 22 and 65. They found that the subjects with the ADH1B gene had significantly lower rates of alcohol dependence over their lifetimes. Hasins study was the first to link the gene to rates of alcohol dependence, rather than just heavier alcohol consumption.  It also found that cultural influences could lessen or negate the genes protective effects. The researchers divided the participants into groups based on their country of origin and recency of immigration to Israel. This is where they found variations in the protective effects of ADH1B. Influences of a Heavy Drinking Culture The studys subjects were divided into Ashkenazi (those of European background and arrivals from Russia before 1989) and the Sephardic (those of Middle Eastern or North African background) and more recent immigrants from Russia. The recent Russian immigrants had the highest rates of heavier drinking than the other two groups. They also had the highest rates of past and lifetime alcohol dependency. The researchers concluded that both genes and environment are factors in the development of alcoholism. Russia has an extremely  high rate of alcohol consumption, while Israel has one of the lowest rates. The heavy-drinking culture of the recent Russian immigrants overcame the protective effects of the ADH1B gene.   Therefore, the Russian immigrants who had been in Israel prior to 1989 were affected by Israels culture of less alcohol consumption, the research believes. They had rates of alcohol dependence similar to the Ashkenazis and Sephardic. Younger Israelis Influenced to Drink In recent years, however, the Israel culture has changed to include higher levels of alcohol consumption. In particular, heavy drinking has increased among younger Israeli Jews. A later study by Hasin and colleagues looked at the differences in the effect of the ADH1B gene on the alcohol consumption of younger and older adult Israelis. Drinking levels among older participants were low, regardless of the type of ADH1B gene. Yet, in younger Israelis, those without the protective gene had greater rates of alcohol consumption. Overall, those over 33 years old had lower drinking rates than those younger than 33. This indicates the environmental influences promoting greater drinking among younger Israelis can overcome the protective effects of the gene.

Essay Fear of Failure in The Catcher In The Rye - 773 Words

Fear of Failure in The Catcher In The Rye Holden Caulfield, the main character in J.D. Salingers novel, The Catcher In The Rye, feels that he needs to protect people around him, because he failed to protect his brother Allie from death. Holden feels that he has to care for those close to him. He watches over Jane, Phoebe, and even Mrs. Murrow when he meets her on the train. Holden tries to shield these people from distress. He does not want to fail anyone else. Returning back home from getting kicked out of Pencey, Holden meets the mother of Ernest Murrow, a classmate of his, on the train. They introduce themselves and start talking about Ernest and how he is like in school. Holden did not tell Mrs. Murrow†¦show more content†¦Murrow to be proud of her son: You take somebodys mother, all they want to hear about is what a hot-shot their son is. (56) No one tells Mrs. Caulfield how wonderful Holden is; all they tell her is what trouble he has gotten into. Holdens childhood friend, Jane Gallagher, also needs protection. She is vulnerable because of her childhood. ` Her mother and father were divorced. Her mother was married again to some boozehound... [He would] run around the goddamn house, naked, with Jane around and all. (32) Holden was afraid that Janes stepfather abused her. I asked her on the way, if Mr. Cudahy- that was the boozehounds name- had ever tried to get wise with her. (79) Even though Holden likes Jane, he does not try to take advantage of her because she needs the safety of their friendship. Holden is angry with Stradlater because he threatened Jane, and could have harmed her. Holdens younger sister Phoebe, is also in need of Holdens protection. He must protect her because he failed to protect his brother Allie from death. Holden feels that it is his responsibility to protect Phoebe from whatever may put her in danger, even himself: I was glad. All of a sudden I wanted her to cry till her eyes practically dropped out. I almost hated her. I think I hated her most because she wouldnt be in that play any more if she went away with me. (207) He does not want Phoebe to turn out like himself. He wantsShow MoreRelatedHolden Caulfield and the Pressures of Society: The Catcher in the Rye by J.D. Salinger1286 Words   |  6 Pagesnovel to life. In the bildungsroman, The Catcher in the Rye by J.D. Salinger, characterization is often found, especially regarding the protagonist, Holden Caulfield. Salinger also includes many themes in his novel relating to growing up in a corrupt society. Hence, this paper will compare, contrast, and evaluate literary critici sms regarding the themes and characterization of J.D. Salinger’s novel The Catcher in the Rye. Many critics of The Catcher in the Rye discuss in depth the characterizationRead MoreJ.b. Salinger s A Perfect Day For Bananafish 1714 Words   |  7 PagesBuddhism, Hindu-Buddhism, and other Eastern beliefs. 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While Martin in his book, The Pleasure of My Company expresses the theme of isolation by develops a protagonist who is confined from the normal social life like other people by his fears, Salinger develops such a character in his short story, The Catcher in the Rye, who is isolated from a normal life by his failures. The two pieces of literature are quite contrastingRead MoreSymbols in The Catcher in the Rye967 Words   |  4 Pagesï » ¿ Symbols in The Catcher in the Rye In The Catcher in the Rye by J.D. Salinger many symbols are used to show a deeper meaning for the people, objects and places Holden Caulfield comes in contact with during the story. Holden is often unable to connect to or make relationships with other people, and his encounters usually end with him alone and feeling insecure. Holden deals with these insecurities by looking for the phoniness in others. 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Holden Caufield’s cynical way of narrating the story with his constant criticism about other people and the ugliness of the world, introduces the readers to a judgemental and critical protagonist. ‘The Catcher in the Rye’ was based on Salinger’s life experience after WWII. WhileRead More Catcher in the Rye Essay: The Importance of Language1464 Words   |  6 PagesThe Importance of Language in The Catcher in the Rye   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   J.D. Salingers The Catcher in the Rye has captured the spirit of adolescence, dramatizing Holden Caulfields vulgar language and melodramatic reactions. Written as the autobiographical account of a fictional teenage prep school student named Holden Caulfield, The Catcher in the Rye deals with material that is socially scandalous for the time (Gwynn, 1958). 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Pete Rose Psychology Personality - 1607 Words

Publisher: Rodale Books Copyright: 2004 Pete Rose was born on April 14, 1941 and grew up in Cincinnati, Ohio with his parents Harry and LaVerne Rose. His father Harry could be described as hard-working, tough, and hard-nosed, especially when it came to sports. Harry played semi-pro football and always pushed Pete to give 110% at all times. This attitude and effort that Pete was exposed to growing up with a man like Harry stuck with Pete his entire life and as a result he earned the nickname â€Å"Charlie Hustle†, although it was not originally meant to be a compliment. In spring training of Pete’s rookie year, he got walked by Yankee legend Whitey Ford. Instead of jogging to first base like everybody else in baseball, Rose sprinted to first†¦show more content†¦This need for superiority was not only prevalent in his playing days but also as he transitioned out of his playing days. In 1986, Rose was player-manager of the Reds and the last player-manager in professional baseball, a feat that is unlike ly to occur again. Pete Rose will always be most remembered for betting on baseball while playing/managing the Reds. Rose denied these allegations for 14 years, even in the face of substantial evidence including an independent investigative report by Jon Dowd (better known as the Dowd Report). The defense mechanism most often used by Rose during this time period was flat-out denial. While denying the accusations, Rose likely received negative reinforcement due to the escape of the emotions involved in admitting such a terrible act in the eyes of baseball. A potentially big initial factor behind this is that shortly after the Dowd Report; Rose voluntarily placed himself on baseball’s ineligible list in August 1989 with the agreement from then-commissioner Bart Giamatti that after a one-year banishment from baseball, Rose could apply for reinstatement. Tragedy struck when Giamatti unexpectedly died from a heart attack before Rose’s year-long banishment had concluded. Fay Vincent took over as commissioner after Giamatti’s death and was unwilling to reinstate Rose, as many would have seen the move as disrespectful toShow MoreRelatedPerson Centred Therapy Offers the Therapist All That He/She Will Need to Treat Clients.3609 Words   |  15 PagesIn the field of Counselling and Psychotherapy there are many differing theories which are used to help those who seek counselling including Person Centred Therapy. Person Centred Therapy has been described as one nation, many tribes by Pete Sanders. In many parts of the world Person-Centred Therapy (PCT) is seen as a family of therapies, including Experiential Psychotherapy and Focusing. Closely associated with PCT are Existential Therapy and various integrative approaches. Since Carl Rogers’Read MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. 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Community Knowledge Building And Self Regulated Learning Education Essay Free Essays

string(156) " a box or circle that is connected to one or more other constructs via directed discharge, stand foring the relationships between the constructs concerned\." Background In Hong Kong, it has already been a long clip that schooling puts the chief focal point on persons ‘ abilities, temperaments and chances without profoundly researching the possibility of larning through community interaction. Normally merely formal cognition and incontrovertible accomplishments are taught in traditional schoolrooms. The bulk of this sort of cognition is inert that does non promote deep thought and enquiry. We will write a custom essay sample on Community Knowledge Building And Self Regulated Learning Education Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now There is no mechanism for pupils to get expert-learning accomplishments. In add-on, informal or silent cognition is by and large ignored in school course of studies, though it is every bit of import as the formal cognition. The acquisition aims are besides crystalline to pupils. Students are occupied with undertakings and activities but they do non hold a clear thought about the grounds why they have to make those undertakings and activities. Problem 2: Pedagogical Paradigm Shift due to the Introduction of the NSS Curriculums Since 2009, the course of studies of most secondary schools have undergone a dramatic alteration due to the acceptance of the New Senior Secondary ( NSS ) course of studies. Two major alterations are the debut of broad surveies and project-based acquisition. The broad surveies subject enables pupils to do connexions among different subjects, examine issues from a assortment of positions, and construct personal cognition of immediate relevancy to themselves in the modern-day universe. On the other manus, project-based acquisition ( PBL ) aims to enable pupils to build cognition through developing their independent acquisition capablenesss, generic and collaborative accomplishments. It is obvious that the new course of studies emphasise on the cultivation of abilities of pupils to incorporate information gathered to build their ain cognition independently and collaboratively. However, most instructors and pupils are still non prepared for this polar alteration and experience perplexed about the new manner of instruction and acquisition. Problem 3: The Problems of the Commonly Used Learning Platforms Even though some Hong Kong schools understand the jobs of the traditional permissive instruction attack, good acquisition platforms that can carry through the demands of this new acquisition environment are rare in the market. Despite that many schools have installed computing machines with Internet entree in schoolrooms, there is no obvious difference in pupil larning quality between this sort of computer-supported schoolrooms and the traditional 1s. Intentional acquisition and expertness development.can barely be fostered in this sort of schoolroom scenes. In order to better larning quality and effectivity, some schools in Hong Kong have been following certain learning platforms for about ten old ages, yet they can merely let pupils to upload their work, download stuffs mandated by instructors, station messages to or read messages from electronic notice-boards, etc.. The platforms merely act like electronic information depositories that can non truly assist pupils to larn and build cognition on their ain or collaboratively, non to advert that the user interfaces are non easy-to-use in general. This sort of larning platforms contradicts the e-learning systems suggested by Angehrn, Nabeth and Roda ( 2001 ) . They claimed that e-learning should be extremely personalised, learner-centric, societal, active, synergistic, connected to scholars ‘ ends, supportive of uninterrupted acquisition and so on. Research of Existing Learning Platforms Supporting Collaborative Learning Sing the issues mentioned above, pupils in Hong Kong need a learning platform that can supply utile and effectual installations for them to pull off and build cognition, and larn collaboratively and continuously. The platform should besides assist them to do better usage of the bing on-line resources and manage and consolidate the information they have obtained for self-regulated acquisition. After researching preliminarily on bing acquisition platforms, there are three major computing machine supported collaborative work/learning ( CSCW/L ) systems available for instruction intents: FLE3, Synergeia and Knowledge Forum. FLE3 ( Leinonen et al. , 2002 ) , which is an unfastened beginning platform developed under the ITCOLE undertaking, entails a depository, a forum and a shared workspace called WebTop tool, Knowledge Building tool and Jamming tool severally. The last tool allows scholars to do usage of all sorts of multimedia digital artifacts. Synergeia ( Stahl, 2004 ) is besides designed within the ITCOLE undertaking that provides free licences for educational establishments. It portions paperss and informations through depositories ( the Basic Support for Cooperative Work system ) and forums ( Instant Messages ) severally in an asynchronous environment. The most singular tool is MapTool that enables a group of participants to make concept map collaboratively and synchronously. The confab tool is besides synchronal. Knowledge Forum was initiated by Marlene Scardamalia and Carl Bereiter. They have proposed that schools should be restructured as cognition edifice community based on the thought that larning, expertness cultivation in peculiar, requires enormous attempt and societal support that is non accessible in the first-order school environment. Students should get non-asymptotic acquisition accomplishments, i.e. , learn to continuously accommodate to alterations in the environment caused by others ‘ version. This procedure will invariably do parts to the corporate cognition of a school community, transforming the school into a second-order environment. Multimedia Learning A acquisition platform that can steer pupils efficaciously to build cognition from assorted sorts of information, particularly the multimedia one ( Shank, 2005 ) , is of paramount importance. Van Merrienboer ( 1999 ) proposed some guidelines of bringing of instructions in multimedia acquisition environments. He considered multimedia larning in web-based environments really important in the approaching hereafter as it facilitates distributed distance bringing and combines presentation and communicating installations. He believed that multimedia acquisition can be used to back up competency-based acquisition, and effectual, efficient and appealing collaborative acquisition. The multimedia capablenesss of all of the three platforms literally satisfy the guidelines. Concept Maps The MapTool of Synergeia allows participants to build corporate cognition through pulling construct maps: a graphical artifact that expresses cognition of scholars in a signifier that can be understood easy. The development of construct maps was initiated by Novak and Gowin ‘s ( 1984 ) research refering human acquisition and cognition building. In a construct map, besides called cognition map, a construct is normally placed inside a box or circle that is connected to one or more other constructs via directed discharge, stand foring the relationships between the constructs concerned. You read "Community Knowledge Building And Self Regulated Learning Education Essay" in category "Essay examples" The relationships are described by verbs normally. The constructs are contrived hierarchically with the most general constructs at the top of the map. The construction of a construct map is dependent on its context. Concept maps holding similar constructs can change from one context to another and are extremely idiosyncratic. Concept maps can be used to mensurate the cognition of a individual about a subject in a specific context. Therefore, construct maps constructed by different people on the same subject must be different. In the same sense, there is no such a thing as the â€Å" right † construct map about a peculiar subject, as there can be many available right representations of the subject. Concept function has assisted people of different ages obtain cognition in assorted Fieldss. When constructs and associating words are carefully chosen, these maps are powerful tools for detecting niceties of significance. Each construct map allows its Godhead to do usage of a virtually limitless set of associating words to demo how significances can be developed. There are no limitations on what words can be used to organize constructs or associating phrases. Concepts are normally nouns and associating phrases verbs. It is recommended to utilize as few words as possible for constructs and associating verbs. Associating phrases can show any types of relationships and are non limited to a defined set. Knowledge Building Knowledge Forum is designed harmonizing to the 12 Knowledge Building Principles proposed by Marlene Scardamalia and Carl Bereiter. It is a collaborative acquisition platform operated in a networked environment. It can work on both wired and wireless webs and users can entree it via the Internet. The model of Knowledge Forum is cross-sector, cross-age and cross-cultural. It has been used in instruction, wellness attention and concern communities in the Americas, Asia, Australia, Europe, and New Zealand. This reflects that the sociocognitive and cultural procedures underlying cognition acquisition and cognition creative activity are basically the same that are applicable to knowledge builders of all sectors, ages, and civilizations. The 12 Knowledge Building Principles are as follows: Real Ideas, Authentic Problems Ideas are every bit existent as touchable things. Learners are much more interested in existent life jobs than textbook jobs and mystifiers. Knowledge Forum fosters a civilization for scholars to work with thoughts creatively. Improvable Ideas All thoughts are improvable. Learners can actively better their ain thoughts and those in the community if they are encouraged to take hazards without being afraid to attest ignorance and have ague and unconstructive unfavorable judgment. Knowledge Forum allows continual betterment, alteration and theory polish. Idea Diversity Idea diverseness is indispensable to the development of cognition promotion as it creates a rich environment for thoughts to germinate into new and more refined signifiers. Knowledge Forum facilitates associating thoughts in different notes and positions together to advance interaction and productive usage of thought diverseness. Rise Above New syntheses of cognition can be obtained by unrelentingly working with improvable and diversified thoughts. High-order thought can be cultivated. In Knowledge Forum, rise-above notes and positions enable participants to larn accommodating progressive alterations in the environment. Epistemic Agency Learners are responsible for their cognition promotion that can be stimulated by the thoughts of other community members. They learn how to pull off their acquisition by puting ends and programs, inquiring inquiries, and measuring accomplishment. Knowledge Forum offers characteristics like scaffolds that help scholars synthesise high-ranking cognition by utilizing a assortment of epistemic footings such as speculation, admiration, speculate, etc.. Community Knowledge, Collective Responsibility Community accomplishments are valued more than single accomplishments. Participants portion duty for the overall cognition promotion in the community. Knowledge Forum provides an unfastened and collaborative environment that allows community members contribute conceptual artifacts that can be linked together effectual for future mention. Democratizing Knowledge All participants, including the more and less talented, are empowered to prosecute in cognition invention in Knowledge Forum. Every member strive for cognition promotion in a joint venture mode. Symmetric Knowledge Advancement It can be achieved from cognition exchange between members of different sorts of intelligence in a community as to give cognition is to acquire cognition. Knowledge Forum supports practical trials and co-construction of positions across user groups, both within and between communities. Permeant Knowledge Building Knowledge edifice utilizing Knowledge Forum can be carried out in and out of school through the Internet. Constructive Uses of Authoritative Beginnings Authoritative beginnings such as intelligence and multimedia stuffs found on the Internet can be attached to Knowledge Forum that can be acted as the foundation for cognition builders to progress community cognition. Knowledge Building Discourse Knowledge Forum accommodates discourse of cognition edifice communities that refines and transforms knowledge through the dianoetic patterns of the community. Embedded and Transformative Assessment Knowledge Forum allows a community to explicate its ain internal appraisal, which is both more bespoke and flexible than external appraisal Research Focus After comparing the chief characteristics of the three collaborative CSCL/W tools, it is blunt that Knowledge Forum emphasizes deeply on the procedure of community cognition edifice based on rules like improvable thoughts and progressive job work outing. It should be a more executable declaration for instructors and pupils to manage the approaching pedagogical paradigm displacement than the other two. It is perceived that Fle3 is simply designed as a package of depository, forum and shared workspace without important emphasis on the procedure of collaborative cognition building. Refering Synergeia, it is empowered by the notable construct maps that are widely accepted as a really effectual manner for cognition building. Nevertheless, the rise-above and build-on characteristics of Knowledge Forum maximize the learning capacity of each scholar through community attempt that triumph the concept-organising belongings of construct maps. Largely significantly, there are already many instructors rehearsing cognition edifice teaching methods utilizing Knowledge Forum in many topographic points. Apart from Toronto, Hong Kong has the largest instructor community giving excessive attempt to learning pupils collaborative larning accomplishments. However, the instructors who have experience in utilizing Knowledge Forum reported some insufficiency of the acquisition platform. For case, when a instructor wants to read a certain sort of messages, such as inquiries, he/she has to shop through all the notes straight in the present design. It is one of the grounds why it is non really easy to measure pupils ‘ parts. Sometimes a subscriber may desire to hold a list of his/her ain parts so that he/she can size up the acquisition procedure ; however, this map is non available in the current version. Research Aims The aims of this research are as follows: To look into extensively how Knowledge Forum can assist pupils build community cognition. To understand the jobs faced by instructors and pupils in utilizing Knowledge Forum, particularly those refering assessing pupils ‘ acquisition advancement and public presentation. To research a set of appropriate web and database engineering, particularly knowledge and information visual image, that is utile to strengthen the functionality of Knowledge Forum, particularly assessment tools that can avail instructors to measure pupils ‘ parts. To develop a paradigm of back uping tools that can reenforce Knowledge Forum sing appraisal, information storage and retrieval. To measure the quality and public presentation of the paradigm. Relevant Literature and Guiding Framework Knowledge Building and Problem Solving through Knowledge Forum Scardamalia and Bereiter believe that a school should be a topographic point for knowing acquisition and expertness cultivation. However, traditional schooling merely tackle seeable parts of cognition, i.e. , formal cognition and incontrovertible accomplishments. These sorts of inert cognition rarely touch pupils ‘ idea and behavior and utile informal/tacit cognition is seldom embraced in traditional school course of studies. Furthermore, in a traditional school, many instructors project their focal point on undertakings and activities without underlying the associated acquisition aims, so pupils are by and large incognizant of cognition aims behind the undertakings and activities they are supposed to make. Scardamalia and Bereiter point out pupils can accomplish knowing larning merely if they actively try to achieve a cognitive aim. Therefore, the current schooling system merely benefits those with high persons ‘ abilities, temperaments and chances, merely those alleged â€Å" bright † pupils are able to prise into the â€Å" secrets † of those undertakings and activities. Expertness cultivation in schools is besides of paramount importance, i.e. , pupils should be able to larn to be an expert-like scholar who processes progressive job work outing accomplishments. It is believed that job work outing accomplishments can be achieved through meaningful acquisition that metacognitive cognition is obtained by agencies of self-acting procedures. Richard and Wittrock put frontward seven instructional methods that stimulate job resolution: load-reducing, structure-based, schema-activation, productive, guided find, mold and learning thought. The first six methods train pupils to be domain job convergent thinkers while the last one enhances their general job work outing capablenesss. There are four characteristics of successful learning believing accomplishments plans: focal point on the most chiseled accomplishments, contextualize the accomplishments within reliable undertakings, personalise the accomplishments through societal interaction and language-based tr eatment of job resolution procedures, and speed up the accomplishments that pupils can larn with lower-level accomplishments. Simply expressed, Richard and Wittrock suggest that general expertness or job work outing accomplishments can be transferred from instructors to pupils based on dogmas similar to those 12s knowledge edifice rules advocated by Scardamalia and Bereiter. However, traditional schooling offers no mechanisms for instructors to reassign their expertness to pupils, so most pupils can non come on into expert-like scholars through reinvestment of mental resources released from following progressive job work outing methods such as form acquisition and automaticity. Scardamalia and Bereiter impulse that, with the drift of engineering, schools should be transformed into cognition edifice communities. The discourse framed by this sort of sociocognitive procedure transcends the barriers of didactic instruction and child/activity-centred cognition development. The advancement of the acquisition accomplished through cognition edifice discourse should be able to be orchestrated and mediated alternatively of the unpredictable acquisition advancement in traditional schooling. In add-on, all members in a school community, including both instructors and pupils, should take up corporate cognitive duty which â€Å" refers to the status in which duty for the success of a group attempt is distributed across all the members instead than being concentrated in the leader † ( p. 68 ) . Every community member should understand the cognition required by the community and do certain others know what they are supposed to cognize. In a cognition edifice discourse, a pupil referee can hold their cognition advanced from groking the parts made by other pupils in the community, so it is one of the inducements for pupils to take part in the discourse. Once a pupil makes a choice part, he/she gets acknowledgment and regard from other community members. The desire of being recognized and respected, together with the craving for doing outstanding impact on the community, may be two of the other motives. A to the full well-designed equal reappraisal system is indispensably required and the discourse should be near to pupils ‘ personal lives: â€Å" pupils work together to do sense of the universe around them and work towards progressing their ain province of cognition and that of the category † . The features of a successful cognition edifice discourse are â€Å" concentrate on jobs and deepness of understanding † , â€Å" decentralized, unfastened cognition environments for corporate apprehension † and â€Å" productive interaction within loosely conceived knowledge-building communities † ( p.274 ) . Technology plays a critical function in carry throughing a successful cognition edifice discourse. Knowledge Forum and its former version, Computer-Supported Intentional Learning Environment ( CSILE ) , have a community database at the Centre of a schoolroom discourse. Students ‘ thoughts can be extended to a broader cognition edifice community if necessary. In the discourse environment, pupils act as both writers and referees who can lend their thoughts by making text or graphical notes, hunt bing notes, and form notes into more complex informational constructions. Auto-notification through electronic mails will be sent to writers when others comment on their notes. The note-writing environments are specially designed for participants to specify enquiries as jobs alternatively of subjects. Discourses are carried out through saying theories and information for progressing theories. The scaffold map provides participants with phrases refering cognitive procedures, such as â€Å" I need to understand † , â€Å" My theory † , â€Å" A better theory † , â€Å" This theory can non explicate † , â€Å" Put our cognition together † , to call a few, that help participants contour discourses. The frequent usage of these theory-building footings can assist scholars tackle expert-like acquisition accomplishments that can be employed in their day-to-day lives. Knowledge Forum and CSILE besides pinpoint intentionality as scholars deliberately submit jobs of what they require to understand and asseverate justifications for linked attached. The knowing scholars can larn how to do determinations and deploy diag nostic procedures. Knowledge Forum and CSILE render a decentralized and unfastened discourse environment that reverses â€Å" the instructor initiates, pupil responds, teacher evaluates form for unwritten and written discourse † . By using a distributed theoretical account, information fluxing between participants is non audited by a cardinal authorization. Since different pupils possess different sorts of cognition, the cognition exchanges can be really productive. Students of different ages and abilities can take portion in the same discourse. Students with better viva voce or written linguistic communication accomplishments can non rule the discourse as the other pupils can border their thought by pulling diagrams or edifice on information in others ‘ notes or external resources. Those who are non familiar with the subject can lend to the community by inquiring inquiries and composing contemplations. The inefficient turn-tasking job in normal schoolroom treatments is automatically elimi nated as discourses in Knowledge Forum are held asynchronously over a computing machine web or the Internet. Students can compose their statements at any coveted clip and have all the clip they want to explicate the statements, without force per unit area like that happened in an unwritten treatment. This encourages pupils to print independent idea and polish their ain thoughts and those in the community, ensuing in progressive self-acting acquisition and job work outing preparation. Information / Knowledge Visualisation Some users reported that the current design of Knowledge Forum is non really intuitive to utilize, particularly for complex undertakings and ill-structured capable affairs. The new coevals of knowledge/information visual image engineering seems to be an effectual solution. The purpose of information visual image is to supply knowledge-based entree to information resources and aid users in doing sense of the resources they are looking for during information retrieval. On the other manus, the end of cognition visual image is to help pupils in acquisition and job resolution by supplying tools to further externalised knowledge. There are many good practiced information visual image techniques available, such as landscape metaphors, cartograms, ticket clouds, etc.. Some pedagogues claim that these techniques can assist users understand the information better. In the context of cognition building, apprehension of information is non sufficient, pupils need to be exposed to the information in different ways and be able to lucubrate a personal experience from it. Some other similar tools using visual image techniques have besides been developed in recent old ages, like Topic Maps Strand Map, VisIT ( Visualization of Information Tool ) , Model-It, Microworlds, etc.. Some web hunt engines even implement explorative hunts with the aid of information visual image techniques to polish user hunt questions. Users can now transport out explorative hunts on the WWW through consecutive loops on the ocular interfaces of these tools. Examples are KartOO, UJIKO, Crokker, Simploos, Quintura, oSkope, News Map, etc.. It is evident that educational tools using cognition visual image engineering can help pupils in undertaking topics like broad surveies to a great extent as this sort of topics require pupils to larn from resources in assorted subjects and develop capacities to construction and organize their cognition and acquisition stuffs for effectual learning direction, non to advert that cognition from different topics and spheres is complex, interconnected and ill-structured in a complex mode. How to cite Community Knowledge Building And Self Regulated Learning Education Essay, Essay examples

Seven Things to Remember When Creating Content for International Shoppers

The number of people using the Internet worldwide is now over 3.6 billion. While that’s a lot of potential readers, it’s not necessarily easy to attract their attention. There are many different interests, preferences, languages, and competition when it comes to that 3.6 billion. If you want to grow your audience globally, it’s important to keep in mind the vast variation in audience preferences, including when it comes to where your readers are. Only around 9% of online users are based in North America, with around half in Asia and 17% in Europe. To ensure your content is effective in reaching audiences around the world, here are seven things to consider. 1. Cultural References It’s common to use cultural references that are familiar to us, but they could be misunderstood by someone outside your region. For example, an article referencing Thanksgiving won’t resonate with many outside the US and Canada. Solutions: Change the content theme to something more international without the cultural divide. Alternatively, add a quick note of explanation for international viewers. Similarly, use â€Å"emergency services† instead of â€Å"911† or â€Å"ten-year-old students† instead of â€Å"fourth graders.† 2. Seasonal Content It may be summer where you are, but on the other side of the world, your readers might be under three feet of snow. This doesn’t mean you can’t write about the seasons; just be aware of who your target reader is, and what they’re experiencing. Solutions: Adapt content for a different audience, or publish it at a more appropriate time of year for the target market. 3. Numbers, Units and Measures Are you referencing temperature, distance, height or weight? Remember that most countries outside the U.S. use the metric system. For example, Germans only know that LeBron James is 2 meters tall. Also, remember: The dollar sign ($) denotes currencies in many different countries, so use â€Å"USD† if you’re referring to the U.S. dollar. 3/12/17 can mean the 3rd of December or the 12th of March, depending on your location. 4. Terminology and Spelling People use different search terms to find out the same information online, depending on their location. For example, U.S. consumers use ‘cell phone,’ whereas U.K. consumers use ‘mobile phone.’ Which is more appropriate: â€Å"sneakers† or â€Å"running shoes†? â€Å"License† or license†? Terminology and spelling differences exist across other English-speaking markets such as Australia and New Zealand. The challenge with terminology and word choice becomes even more pronounced when you start growing globally. For example, â€Å"Cardholder Name† in English, is â€Å"Nom du titulaire figurant sur la carte† in French. Solution: Work with native speakers in your target country to optimize content for maximum SEO benefits. 5. Visual Content It’s not just text that can get lost in translation – images are also culturally sensitive. Examples: An image of a cow could cause problems in a country like India, where the cow is one of the most sacred animals in the Hindu culture. The A-OK gesture is an obscene gesture in a country like Brazil. The color red may symbolize passion or danger in Western cultures, but in African countries it can symbolize death and aggression. The color white is a symbol of bad luck and mourning in some Asian countries. Solution: Consider changing an image if it’s likely to mean different things to different people. 6. Social Media Strategy If you want to reach people across multiple locations via social media, bear in mind the following: Most social platforms include localization features, where you can segment your audience based on geography, language and more. In mainland China, Facebook, Twitter, YouTube and Instagram are currently blocked. People use Weibo (similar to Twitter) and Qzone (similar to Facebook). Viadeo is a professional networking site similar to LinkedIn. Today, it has over 65 million users from Africa, America, Asia and Europe. The four top markets for WhatsApp are South Africa, Malaysia, India and Mexico. WeChat, similar to WhatsApp, has over 700 million monthly active users, most popular in China, Malaysia and Hong Kong. VK (VKontakte) is the largest European social platform. With over 66 million monthly active users, it’s the most popular website in Russia. 7. Translations Translating content is an option, but first, consider who you can already reach with your English content. Scandinavian and Middle Eastern countries are more used to English, whereas in Japan, China and Russia, the prevalence of English is low. Here is a list of countries where English is widespread. If you do end up translating content, using a translator will ensure you come across as more professional than just using Google Translate. Translators can capture the subtle nuances of a language to help you create the types of content locals are used to seeing. Solutions: The American Translators Association publish a directory of licensed translators and linguists. Alternatively, you could add a translation tool alongside content to help international readers. Time to Go Global? Adapting content to a global audience can be a challenge, but it can give your organization the opportunity to tap into new markets and ultimately boost sales. The key is adapting your content to speak to more potential readers, regardless of where they are in the world.

Performance Appraisals         We have researched performance appraisals by reviewing literature

Performance Appraisals   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  We have researched performance appraisals by reviewing literature Performance Appraisals We have researched performance appraisals by reviewing literature on the subject . We found several similarities between the two and a few differences, all of which is discussed in the following analysis. The most obvious purpose of a performance appraisal system is as a decision aid. Performance appraisals provide a basis for deciding who should be promoted, terminated, given a raise, and so forth. It is an important part of consideration in making a wide range of personnel decisions in most organizations, and it benefits both the organization and the individual.Performance Appraisals gives the employee the opportunity to discuss performance and performance standards regularly with the supervisor. It provides the supervisor with a means of identifying the strengths and weaknesses of an employees performance, and it provides a format so he/she can recommend a specific program designed to help an employee improve their performance. Also, it can provide a basis f or salary recommendations so that employees can make justified earnings.Composite Flipcharts: From Chaos to Creative: Per...Environmental issues are all the surrounding factors that come into play when doing a performance appraisal. These issues have to be considered in performance appraisals because they can contaminate the interview in negative ways. Different variables such as standards used to evaluate performance, the definition of what constitutes performance, frequency of appraisals, supervisor-subordinate relationships, and the consequences of high or low evaluations. All these factors thrown together can influence the appraisal interview in different directions. For examples, if you are good friends with your boss and he/she gives you the P.A. interview, the chances are you will get a positive review regardless if your performance is poor. Or perhaps one employee has better resources and higher output than yourself, and as a result gets a better performance review.Other ap praisal failures come from managers not taking the...

Definition and Examples of Tmesis

Definition and Examples of Tmesis Tmesis is the separation of the parts of a compound word by another word or words, usually for emphasis or comic effect. The adjective form is  tmetic. Related to tmesis is synchesis, the jumbling of word order in an expression. Etymology:  From the Greek, a cutting Pronunciation:  (te-)ME-sis Also Known  As:  infix,  tumbarumba  (Australia) Examples and Observations Abso-friggin-lutely! I said triumphantly as I mentally crossed my fingers. (Victoria Laurie, A Vision of Murder. Signet, 2005)Goodbye, Piccadilly. Farewell, Leicester bloody Square. (James Marsters as Spike in Becoming: Part 2. Buffy the Vampire Slayer, 1998)Whoopdee-damn-doo, Bruce thought. At most newspapers, general assignment reporters were newsroom royalty, given the most important stories. At the East Lauderdale Tattler, they were a notch above janitors, and burdened with lowly tasks . . .. (Ken Kaye, Final Revenge. AuthorHouse, 2008)To persuade people to keep watching [the television program Zoo Quest], [David] Attenborough gave the series an objective, a rare animal to pursue: picarthates gymnocephalus, the bald-headed rock crow. He doubted this creature would be alluring enough, but when his cameraman Charles Lagus was driving him down Regent Street in an open-top sports car and a bus driver leaned out of his cab and asked, in a neat piece of tmesis, if he was ever going to catch that Picafartees gymno-bloody-cephalus, he knew it had lodged itself in the public mind. (Joe Moran, Armchair Nation. Profile, 2013) This is not Romeo, hes some other where. (William Shakespeare, Romeo and Juliet)In what torn ship soever I embark,That ship shall be my emblemWhat sea soever swallow me, that floodShall be to me an emblem of thy blood. (John Donne, Hymn to Christ, at the Authors Last Going Into Germany)Most often, tmesis is applied to compounds of ever. Which way so ever man refer to it (Milton); that manhow dearly ever parted (Troilus and Cressida 3.3.96); how heinous eer it be,/To win thy after-love I pardon thee (Richard II 5.3.34). However, the syllable of any word can be separated: Oh so lovely sitting abso-blooming-lutely still (A. Lerner and F. Lowe, My Fair Lady). Or See his windlilycockslaced (G.M. Hopkins, Harry Ploughman). Tmesis is also commonly used in terms of British slang, such as hoo-bloody-ray. (A. Quinn, Tmesis. Encyclopedia of Rhetoric and Composition, ed. by T. Enos. Taylor Francis, 1996)Its a sort of long cocktailhe got the formula off a barman in Marrakesh or some-bloody-where . (Kingsley Amis, Take a Girl Like You, 1960) I did summon up the courage to poke a camera through Terry Adamss front gate last year, only to be met with a minders greeting: Why dont you leave us a-f-ing-lone. I wonder if the brute was aware of his use of tmesis, the insertion of one word into another? (Martin Brunt, How Terror Has Changed the Crime Beat. The Guardian, Nov. 26, 2007)old age sticksup KeepOffsigns) youth yanks themdown(oldagecries NoTres) (pas)youth laughs(singold agescolds Forbidden StopMustnt Dont) youth goesright ongrowing old(E.E. Cummings, old age sticks)Gideon [Kent] knew [Joseph] Pulitzer, of course. He admired the publishers insistence that his paper never become the captive of any group or political party. Indegoddamnpendent was Pulitzers unique way of putting it. (John Jakes, The Americans. Nelson Doubleday, 1980) Tmetic Rhythms When you insert a word for emphasis- be it fricking, bleeping, something ruder, or something less rude- you cant just stick it any old where. We know this because abso-freaking-lutely is fine but ab-freaking-solutely or absolute-freaking-ly is not. Whether its in a word, a phrase, or a name- you stick the emphatic addition right before a stressed syllable, usually the syllable with the strongest stress, and most often the last stressed syllable. What were doing, in prosodic terms, is inserting a foot. . . . When it comes to sticking these extra feet in, we normally break the word or phrase according to the rhythm of what were inserting. To be or not to be, that is the question is thought of as iambic pentameter, but you wont break it between iambs if your interrupting foot is a trochee: To be or not to bleeping be, not To be or not bleeping to be . . . But if its an iamb? To be or not the heck to be, not To be or not to the heck be. Look, these are rude, interrupting words. Theyre breaking in and wrecking the structure. Thats the freaking point. But they still do it with a rhythmic feeling. (James Harbeck, Why Linguists Freak Out About Absofreakinglutely. The Week, December 11, 2014) The Split Infinitive as Tmesis A split infinitive has been elsewhere defined as a type of syntactic tmesis in which a word, especially an adverb, occurs between to and the infinitival form of a verb. Different labels have been used to name this particular ordering of English, spiked adverb or cleft infinitive among others, but the term split infinitive has eventually superseded all its predecessors (Smith 1959: 270).  (Javier Calle-Martin and Antonio Miranda-Garcia, On the Use of Split Infinitives in English. Corpus Linguistics: Refinements and Reassessments, ed. by Antoinette Renouf and Andrew Kehoe. Rodopi, 2009)

Beijing china Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Beijing china - Essay Example These signs of Beijing being the cradle of civilization made many travelers to visit the city, considered the capital of the East’s civilization. This speech intends to give you overview information on Beijing, so that you may appreciate not only the role of the city in ancient civilization but also its central role in shaping the economy, politics, culture and social spheres of modern civilization. In this speech, Beijing’s history, location, population, administration, economic development, education, health, culture religion language hotels, climate, travel tips, transportation shopping and nightlife are explored. This information is not only important for visitors to the city such as international students but also to local students interested in the rich history and economic development of the city. Fact about Beijing In Chinese, Beijing means the city to the north. As mentioned earlier, Beijing’s history can be traced to more than eight centuries ago, durin g the Jin Dynasty (1115-1234). Built as Beijing by the Jin Dynasty, the city would later be named Zhongdu, after being seized by Mongol armies in 1215 (Li et al., 2007). The city was later renamed the Great Capital (Dadu) by the Yuan Dynasty (1271-1368). The Ming Dynasty (1368-1644) later renamed it Beiping, the Northern Peace on August 2, 1368 (Tourbeijing.com, 2012). From this brief history of the city, it is clear that despite Beijing being started by the Yuan Dynasty (1271 - 1368), it was actually immensely reconstructed during the reign of the Ming and Qing Dynasties (1644-1911). After these two dynasties, the city was transformed into an architectural masterpiece and emerged as the undisputed capital of the Chinese empire. Beijing’s location is the other aspect of the city worth knowing. Generally, Beijing covers approximately16, 800 square kilometers with 38% of it being flat land and 62% mountains. It is located 40 degrees north latitude and 116 degrees of longitudes (Tourbeijing.com, 2012). It is to the northern parts of China and borders Hebei Province to the north, west, south, and to a small extent, the east. It borders Tianjin Municipality to the southeast. As of 2009, Beijing’s population was 20 million people with about 5 million living within the city center and the rest on the peripheries. For administrative purposes, the city is divided into two counties and fourteen districts with Fengtai, Dongcheng, Chaoyang, Haidian, Xicheng and Shijingshan being closer to the city while Tongzhou, Pinggu, Mentougou, Shunyi, Changping, Daxing, Huairou and Fangshan are on the outskirts. Economic Development, Health and Education A speech on Beijing would not be complete without mentioning the city’s economic development since its emergence. Of particular importance is the economic development of the city since the mid-20th century. In this period, Beijing transformed from a consumer city to a major industrial and global city. Currently, it does not only rank among the centers of power in China; Beijing is among the top Chinese investment hubs. In fact, with the current reforms in China, Beijing has managed to open up to improved urban construction. This development record saw the city host the Olympics Games in 2008 during which Beijing

The cemetery of new century Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

The cemetery of new century - Research Paper Example The places where these deceased are permanently homed and commemorated are therefore a kind of fusion between life and the afterlife. It is a place where the living can incorporate the sense of the dead into their lives, and the same for the inverse. Yet we find that cemeteries and crematoriums and other burial areas all have a sombre tone about them and a sort of morbidity. Even though we aim to incorporate them into our lives, we find that they are often in isolated locations, away from the hustle of life, and if they are in a centralized location, life tends to move away from it instead, driven by the grim aura surrounding it. But as time is progressing, perhaps so should this inconsistency. There is no reason why cemeteries should be away from modern life and society, and why they should be an area of grimness. Cemeteries can maintain their solitude and sanctity but in a way where they are integrated with our current lives and living areas, and that, in my view, is what the cemet ery of the new century. But first, it is important to recognize why there needs to be a shift in the ideology behind a cemetery in a first place. The most basic and traditional type of cemetery is what is commonly known as a monumental cemetery. This is perhaps the most popular sort of burial ground in the west (Curl, 1980). In a monumental cemetery, graves are covered either by concrete, marble or granite, and distinctly marked by a headstone or monument. Individual graves can be surrounded by a boundary wall or a fence, as can be grouped graves belonging to family members. Because monumental ceremonies host graves from a variety of families and people, there generally isn't a common caretaker to personally care for individual graves. Cemetery authorities are responsible for the maintenance of the general graveyard, and may therefore trim or mow the grass between graves, or perform maintenance work the common boundary of the cemetery, there operations are often labor-intensive and without a personal caretaker, may cause the cemetery to go into slight decline. Monumental cemetery caretakers often face criticism over this as it is these reasons which give monumental cemeteries a traditionally sombre look. Furthermore, as the caretakers are not responsible for the maintenance of the headstones found on each grave, they too may become damaged over the years, and without maintenance may lead to the sombre and grim look of the cemetery. Lawn cemeteries are similar to monumental cemeteries but the difference being that instead of headstones, commemorative plates or plaques set in grass are used to denote individual graves. Graves too are on ground level and simply covered in grass. Most graves are therefore not customized and tend to follow the standard pattern set by each cemetery. Lawn cemeteries seemed easier to maintain, and generally are so too, but families placing flowers and other objects on graves tend to clutter the cemeteries. Another problem with lawn ce meteries is that over time grass may grow over the plaques covering the graves. Memorial parks are similar to lawn cemeteries except that the plaques on the grave are generally completely uniform and often the graves all have a certain common form of death, such as all being casualties of a war perhaps. Natural

Morality of Premarital Sex by Religiosity and Generation Essay

Morality of Premarital Sex by Religiosity and Generation Abstract Premarital sex is an issue that most teenagers and young couples face as they enter new phases of their relationship. The purpose of this study is to determine if there is a correlation between acceptance of sexual relations before marriage and religiosity or generation. This study is a cross-sectional, secondary analysis of the variables PREMARSX, RELPERSN, and COHORT (which was recoded into three generation categories), which were extracted from the 1998 General Social Survey (GSS). Data analysis of the three variables was performed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) 10.0, applying Pearson's chi-square as the test of statistical significance and Cramer's V as the measure of association. The results of this study indicate that very religious people are more inclined to view premarital sexual relations as always wrong. When compared to the three generation categories, no significant correlation existed. Introduction Most couples have asked themselves whether or not sex is the next step in their relationship. It enters into both teenage and adult relationships, creating pressure for teenagers to be considered cool by peers and pressure for adults to make a commitment. For some, sex is the basis of the relationship; for others, it is not even an issue until marriage vows are proclaimed. One may conclude that people's views of premarital relations stem from their parents' teachings, from their siblings' influences, from their peer or social groups, from their religious background, or from the era in which they were raised. (â€Å"Teenage Sex, Friends and Family,† 1994, p51) As sexually... ...-------------------------------------------------------------------------- Not Wrong At All 51.69 45.20 42.62 47.48 52.17 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- n= 89 427 61 139 69 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Chi-Square = 12.30, df = 12, p>.05; Cramer's V = .077 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- We can observe from the table above that there is no relationship between PREMARSX and DEGREE. The chi-square value is 12.30 and is not significant at the .05 level. The Cramer's V indicates that there is a negligible association between the variables with a value of .077.

Analysis of Editorial and Advertising Content for Glamour Magazine

{draw:rect} UNIVERSITY OF ULSTER *FACULTY OF *BUSINESS AND MANAGEMENT {draw:custom-shape} COURSEWORK SUBMISSION SHEET This sheet must be completed in full and attached to the front of each item of assessment Before submission to the School Office. Student Name: Maria Lynch Registration No: B00351233 Programme Title: CONSUMER BEHAVIOUR Module Code/Title: BMG378 Lecturer: Donald Mc Fetridge Date Due: April 16th 2010 (NB: Latest hand-in time is on the due date unless otherwise advised) Submitted work is subject to the following assessment policies: 1 Coursework must be submitted by dates as specified by the Subject committee. Students may seek prior consent from the [Course/Subject] Director to submit coursework after the official deadline; such requests must be accompanied by a satisfactory explanation and in the case of illness by a medical certificate. 3 Coursework submitted without consent after the deadline will not normally be accepted and will therefore receive a mark of zero. CO NTENTS Introduction 3 Analysis of advertising content 3 Analysis of editorial content 4 Magazines target market 5 Marketing and promotional content 6 Product strategy 7 The importance of consumer behaviour 7-8 Future trends 8-9 Conclusion 10 Bibliography 11 Appendix 12 Introduction I have been asked by my lecturer to analyse the editorial and advertising content of a lifestyle magazine of my choice. The magazine that I have chosen is Glamour; the reason that I chose this magazine, is because it is Britain’s number one women’s magazine and has been in circulation for over seventy years. Glamour is a prestigious fashion magazine first printed in 1939 by Conde Nast Publishing who are responsible for numerous fashions and lifestyle magazines including Vogue, Men’s Vogue, Allure, GQ and many more. Topics addressed by the magazine include: Love, Fashion, Sex, Beauty, Health and lifestyle and Celebrity gossip. Glamour is recognised as a world class fashion magazine and it is now published in the US, UK and numerous countries across Europe. Analysis of advertising content The advertising director for Glamour is Grace Dawson, and the fashion Assistant is Kerryn Grady, the products advertised are all premium brands like Dior, Yves Saint Laurent, DKNY, D&G and many more. The number of pages used in the magazine to advertise products greatly exceeds the number of pages with editorial content. The front cover of the magazine is dominated by Danni Minogue, a highly influencing style icon for more than two decades and the main topics addressed in the March 2010 issue. The magazine is printed on high quality glossy paper sending out a message of being luxurious, some of the advertising companies have attached samples of the products they are advertising and there is also a free gift offer from Benefit make up with every subscription to the magazine. The back cover is a celebrity endorsed by Charlie Theron for J’adore Dior perfume, a high cost to any marketing department, and on the inside of the back page is Cheryl Cole endorsing L’Oreal Hair products, inside of the front cover is a double spread advertising Lancome. These are the most expensive advertising spaces that a company can buy in a magazine as they are the first and last pages the reader looks at making them more memorable. There are a number of advertisements for men’s products such as aftershaves throughout, which are more likely a tactic by marketers to target women to buy these products as gifts as it is solely directed towards a male reader. There is a strong presence of sex in the advertising content; many of the images are provocative images to advertise the clothing ranges mostly, images that would not have been acceptable to print in the editions in the early 1940’s, people of today are becoming desensitised towards these images as they are more familiar with them. {draw:custom-shape} {draw:frame} Analysis of editorial content The editorial content starts on page 74, all pages before this are mainly advertisements and some acknowledgements and details of all editors, directors and managers. The editorial content starts with the topic of sex, which is then followed by a conservative political view and an exclusive interview with David Cameron although there is not much depth to the editorial content the writer takes a more light hearted approach researching Cameron’s personal life, his appearance and daily regime than into political views and issues surrounding the conservative party. The front cover has all the main issues addressed in the magazine in a bold red and black font with the largest most important being â€Å"723+ styles fixes†. Inside about quarter of the way in is a page devoted to readers letters and how much they have appreciated articles from previous issues and how they have helped the reader in their personal situations, with the winning letter receiving a camera to the value of ? 150. {draw:line} {draw:line} {draw:line} {draw:line} {draw:custom-shape} {draw:frame} Magazines target market Glamour magazine is marketed towards career orientated heterosexual women, who are fashion conscious with targeted reader age of between 19 and 50. The socio economic class of the women that read this magazine would be typically either lower middle class or middle class, professional or junior management, educated and possibly with a political interests and a high level of disposable income as the goods advertised are designer brands such as D &G, Calvin Klein and premium brand make up like Lancome and Dior. In the 70’s VALS Value and lifestyle segmentation was developed for commercial purposes in California in an attempt by SRI International to have a better understanding of consumer lifestyle. Created to identify and group people accordingly so that they could predict consumer values and motivations to that they could target to the correct customers and make marketing attempts more efficient. Table 9. 4 page 400 Consumer Behaviour, Ray Wright By using the VALS table I would group the target reader of Glamour as achievers. Marketing and promotional content Glamour magazine has been available to buy as a paper copy since 1939 and in more recent years has become available digitally. The cost of buying a paper copy of Glamour is a fixed price of ? weekly, and is available in any large supermarket or book store, once a paper copy has been bought the reader can use the promotional certificate inside to get six copies at half price and get a free gift also. By accessing the Glamour website customers can avail of accounts based marketing, Glamour allow their readers to subscribe online which offers them business to customer savings and free gifts with their subscription, the proce ss is simple, the reader only has to click on the subscription link and follow the direct debit instructions. Glamour is Britain’s No. women’s magazine, with circulatory figures for Glamour year ending 2009 were 515,281 according to Audit Bureau of Circulation Glamour’s promotional presence online is that on all the Conde Nast Publications, there is a footer throughout the websites which gives the user links to all Conde Nast publications and all of their brands, for example the footer is placed on all Conde Nast websites making Glamour Magazine accessible from other websites such as Vogue and GQ. The footer also offers the reader the option of contacting the magazine in numerous languages including Polish, Spanish, French and German. Product strategy It is crucial that all elements of the product strategy complement each other, by ensuring the right mix of product, pricing strategy, promotion and place, will determine the success of the good/service. Identifying the need for the product is the basis, the pricing strategy must be realistic and meet the needs of the target market, Glamour has a set weekly price of ? 2 for their magazine, and the average cost of a magazine is between 50p and ? 4 making Glamour priced at middle of the range. The promotional element of Glamour’s magazine is done with the use of A list celebrities on the front cover, fashion icons and idols, selling provocative images and the colours that make the magazine stand out amongst others, alongside the online promotion that Conde Nast Publications offer to all their brands using the medium of each brands individual website. The product must be placed where the targeted consumer will be able to access it easily; Glamour is sold through Newsagents, book stores, supermarkets and through pre paid subscriptions. The importance of consumer behaviour It is important that a company understands consumer behaviour, it could be the difference between the success or failure of a marketing strategy, if the wrong customers are targeted the efforts will be ineffective and a waste of resources. By appreciating the importance of consumer behaviour marketers will be able to predict better the trends of the consumers and change their products or services to meet the ever changing customer wants and demands. One way of understanding better consumer behaviour is using loyalty cards to track what the consumer is buying and when they buy. Consumer behaviour theories are crucially important to companies as they help understand Psychology of consumers like Abraham Maslow’s hierarchy of needs of individuals helps outline the basics of psychological need, which therefore helps to market products better and adapt marketing campaigns appropriately. Issues that may influence consumer behaviour may include ethical, or social changes, like the discovery of child labour issues or fur versus fake fur, are consumers as willing to buy if they know issues such as this. According to Dragon International (1991), and the Cone and Roper study (Simon, 1995) consumers are interested in ethical behaviour beyond those issues that directly impact on them, and would be more discriminating in their purchases if they were given more information about ethically and socially responsible activities. Future trends Future trends that I would predict for the magazine industry is that the decline in circulatory figures will continue, with the presence of the internet becoming stronger and the people trying to become more environmentally friendly. According to ONS, 70% of homes in the UK now have internet access which is a rise of 28% since 2006. I predict that many of Glamour’s readers will switch from their hard copy and move onto reading their favourite articles online, whilst on the go from mobile devices, although I don’t believe that the digital copy will be the only copy available, hard copies may become fewer and more expensive, as some readers will still enjoy the smell and touch of a paper magazine. Internet Access 0% of households had access in 2009 Office of national statistics {draw:frame} Conclusion In conclusion, having analysed Glamour magazine I have found that the reader is being targeted with an enormous amount of advertising content, over half the magazine is adverts for premium products which appear in all Glamour issues only changing moderately, eventually leaving these advertisements unnoticeable. Throughout the magazine there is very little editorial content of which has very little conten t or depth, the reader is mostly purchasing advertisements. This magazine already has a strong online presence of which I believe will only get stronger following their downturn in psychical sales. Bibliography Books Foxall, Gordon R. Consumer psychology for marketing / Gordon Foxall, Ronald Goldsmith, Stephen. – 2nd ed . . . . – London : International Thomson Business Press, 1998 . Wright, Ray, 1942- Consumer behaviour / Ray Wright. – London : Thomson Learning, 2006 Antonides, Gerrit, 1951- Consumer behaviour: a European perspective / Gerrit Antonides and W. Fred v. Chichester : Wiley, 1998 Electronic resources http://www. glamourmagazine. co. uk/default. aspx? gclid=cjxurovo3qacfsu8laodm0r9fg: accessed via www. glamour. com accessed 29/03/2010 https://www. magazineboutique. co. uk/secureonline/quicksubs_tpl. asp? m=469&src=2214 accessed via www. glamour. com 29/03/2010 http://www. condenast. co. uk/ accessed via www. glamour. com accessed 05/04/2010 http://www. abc. org. uk/SearchResults. aspx? SearchInput=glamour&Where ToSearch=Data accessed via: http://www. abc. org. k/ : accessed 05/04/2010 http://loft965. files. wordpress. com/2010/02/430danniiglamourcover. jpg accessed via www. google. com 05/04/2010 http://media. onsugar. com/files/2010/02/07/1/485/4852708/61f6142ea24cbac7_Dannii_Minogue. jpg accessed via www. google. com accessed 05/04/2010 http://www. gq-magazine. co. uk/ accessed via www. glamour. com accessed 11th/April/2010 http://www. vogue. co. uk/ accessed via www. glamour. comaccessed 11th/April/2010 http://www. statistics. gov. uk/cci/nugget. asp? ID=8 accessed via

Essay on Home Schooling vs Public School - 1245 Words

Home Schooling vs. Public Schooling By: Krystal Walls Krystalwalls1212@yahoo.com Eastern If you have children that are school age you have probably have thought about the options of home schooling vs. public schooling. You most likely have thought about how much would it cost or the amount of time it takes to teach home schooling. With the news articles out there about things that happen at schools you most likely have thought about how that would be on your child as well. One of the last things that most parents think about when choosing to home school or not is how your child’s social skills will develop. There are many different articles out there on this topic. The following essay will give you an indebt description of the†¦show more content†¦First we have to look at the home situation. It is not a secret that not all homes are perfect, but a structured environment can lead to healthy study habits. Now the same can happen in a school environment for some children. So, in turn, those children can start to act out for the stress that comes with a scho ol environment. When there is a healthy home environment, these children would be comfortable and be able to focus on the task at hand. Another reason a child might not misbehave is because they know the consequences for their actions at home. When a child is in a public school, there might not be much that can be done when a child misbehaves and does something that is wrong. One of the biggest influences for children in public schools is other children. Almost everything children do is to look cool in front of their friend or to be popular. Children will tend to misbehave when their friends are pressuring them to do so. Peer pressure is a hard thing to deal with for a child. When children are home schooled, there is much less pressure to be cool and there is more time to focuses on classwork. 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According to Michelle Barone (2008), a licensed marriage and family therapist stated that